研究目標：本前瞻性研究選取了于2012年至2015年期間在海牙醫(yī)院接受冠狀動脈旁路移植術(shù)與瓣膜置換術(shù)組合手術(shù)的患者，評估了他們采用的海牙腦監(jiān)護方案(HBS)對腦血流動力學(xué)和卒中發(fā)生率的影響。
研究方法：HBS是一種雙重監(jiān)護方案，包括經(jīng)顱多普勒(德力凱-經(jīng)顱多普勒血流分析儀)對腦循環(huán)的術(shù)前血管檢查與腦循環(huán)血氧飽和度的圍術(shù)期檢測。高危患者術(shù)前還需接受頸動脈血管的計算機雙向和(或)斷層造影，做進一步檢查；有嚴重頸動脈狹窄的患者術(shù)前需接受頸動脈血管成形術(shù)，否則放棄手術(shù)。
研究結(jié)果：共納入1065例患者，其中22例(2.1%)經(jīng)德力凱-經(jīng)顱多普勒血流分析儀發(fā)現(xiàn)腦血流動力學(xué)狀態(tài)差?；贖BS方案，3例患者放棄手術(shù)，4例接受頸動脈血管成形術(shù)后再行心臟手術(shù)，其余患者則在雙側(cè)腦血氧飽和度監(jiān)護下進行手術(shù)。在整個研究隊列中，總計23例(2.2%)患者已有卒中史，且他們術(shù)后沒有被診斷為腦出血；其他大多患者則被預(yù)估為有輕至中度卒中(的風(fēng)險)。
結(jié)論：在這個單中心前瞻性的隨訪研究中，基于HBS的腦灌注監(jiān)測顯著降低了卒中的發(fā)生率，且大部分殘留中風(fēng)者具有良好的預(yù)后。
Friso Duynsteea, RuudW.M. Keunena,*, Agnes van Sonderena, Ali M. Keyhan-Falsafib, Gerard J.F. Hoohenkerkb, Gayleen Stephensb, Erik Teeuwsb, Jan W.K. van Alphenc, De′nes L.J. Tavya, ArneMoscha, Sebastiaan F.T.M. de Bruijna, Hans van Overhagend, Frank E.E. Treurnietd, Lucas C. vanDijkd and PaulienM. van Kampene
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study prospectively evaluates the impact of the Haga Braincare Strategy (HBS) on the occurrence of haemodynamic and embolic stroke in a cohort of patients who underwent coronay artery bypass grafting (CABG), valve replacement of a combination of both types of surgery between 2012 and 2015 at the Haga Teaching Hospitals.
METHODS: The HBS is a dual strategy based on a preoperative vascular work-up of the cerebral circulation by transcranial Doppler and a perioperative monitoring of the cerebral circulation by cerebral oximetry. Duplex of the carotid arteries and/or computed tomography angiography prior to surgery was performed in high-risk patients. Patients with severe carotid artery stenosis were scheduled for carotid angioplasty prior to surgery or waived from surgery.
RESULTS: A total of 1065 patients were included. Poor cerebral haemodynamics were identified by transcranial Doppler in 2.1% of patients (n = 22). Based on the HBS, 3 patients were waived from surgery, 4 received preoperative carotid angioplasty followed by cardiac surgery and the remaining patients were operated while being monitored with bilateral cerebral oximetry sensors. In all, 2.2% of the study group experienced a stroke (n = 23), of which none were classified as haemodynamic. Most of the remaining presumed embolic strokes showed a minor to moderate stroke severity.
CONCLUSIONS: In this single-centre prospective follow-up study, surveillance of cerebral perfusion by the HBS eliminated the occurrence of haemodynamic stroke while most of the residual strokes had a good to favourable prognosis.
Keywords: TCD ? cerebral oximetry ? CABG ? Stroke
INTRODUCTION
Perioperative stroke (POS) can be a devastating complication following cardiac surgery. The incidence of POS in the literature varies between 1 and 5% [1, 2]. POS is an important cause of morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery. Most of POS are embolic in nature and presumed to be the result of intraoperative surgical manipulation of the aortic arch or postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF). However, a substantial number of the POS are haemodynamic in nature. Haemodynamic strokes are due to the combination of (i) high-grade stenosis or occlusions of conductance vessels (for instance the brachiocephalic artery, carotid and/or middle cerebral arteries [MCAs]), (ii) poor collaterals and/or (iii) a drop in systemic blood pressure and/or blood oxygenation. On computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging a haemodynamic stroke appears as a so-called watershed infarct (see Fig. 1). With the ischaemia sensitive diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging watershed infarcts can be seen in up to 48% of the patients following a cardiosurgical procedure [3]. A recent systemic review and observational studies estimated that 10–50% of POS in cardiac surgery are haemodynamic in nature [4–6]. Recent CABG trials in patients with occlusive cerebrovascular disease showed stroke/death ratios ranging from 3.8% to 20.6%, indicating that poor-cerebral perfusion is associated with poor outcome. carotid arteries. Moreover, we combined preoperative TCD with non-invasive cerebral oximetry monitoring during and after the first hours of surgery in order to detect perioperative cerebral low-flow states. We called this dual strategy the ‘Haga Braincare Strategy’ (HBS). It turned out that implementation of the HBS reduced the incidence of ischaemic postoperative delirium at the Haga by more than 50% [10]. Since the last years, we have systematically implemented and documented the results of the HBS in a prospective follow-up study. In this article, we describe the results with special focus on the impact of the HBS on stroke epidemiology and how it influenced decision making.
